【時間管理祕笈】製訂待辦清單的8大原則 8 Principles of a To-Do List

待辦清單是時間管理的必備工具之一，但你會否經常發現自己無法完成其中的大部分事項？根據iDoneThis的數據，我們有41％的待辦事項沒有完成，而LinkedIn的調查則顯示，近9成專業人士經常無法完成自己的待辦清單。以下是製訂待辦清單的8大原則：

1. 分開當前與未來任務
   不要把所有待辦事項都寫在同一份清單中，而是根據進行時間做區隔。每天寫一份每日待辦清單，專注於當天要完成的任務，其他則移到另一份總清單中，這樣可以更有效地管理時間。
2. 為任務定義預期成果
   為每個待辦任務設定明確的目標和理由，能避免因為不清楚其目的和價值而拖延某些任務，這樣可以更有動力去完成它們。
3. 將大任務拆開成小步驟
   大型待辦事項往往會讓人感到無所適從，因而容易拖延。試將繁複和重大的任務拆開為可完成的小任務，這樣更容易執行，也更有成就感。
4. 設定任務的截止日期
   截止時間可以彈性調整，但必須設定一個大致的時間範圍。思考為什麼選擇這個時間點，這樣可以提高自律性和計劃性。
5. 限制當前任務在七項以內
   將需要花費15分鐘以上的任務列入待辦清單，其他短期任務則整理到批次待辦清單中。這樣可以減輕壓力，同時迫使自己分別真正重要的事項。
6. 刪除不必要的任務
   刪除過於籠統、無法執行的任務。願望性任務應該使用專案方式處理，而不是作為待辦事項。同時，檢視任務的重要性，認清自己真正所需，果斷刪除不必要的任務。
7. 預計任務的所需時間
   評估任務的所需時間可以幫助你在每日清單上做出更好的選擇，更好地安排活動。如果僅僅寫下待辦事項，然後發現欠缺時間完成全部任務，那麼許多待辦事項將變成「不辦事項」。
8. 注意需要其他資源的任務
   有時候即使任務很重要，也需要其他資源的支持，建議在待辦事項旁邊直接寫下所需資源的細節，以便參考。

這些實用技巧將幫助你建立更有效的待辦清單，提高工作效率並減輕壓力。

A to-do list is one of the essential tools for time management, but do you often find yourself unable to complete most of the items on it? According to data from iDoneThis, 41% of to-do items are left unfinished, and a LinkedIn survey shows that nearly 90% of professionals frequently fail to complete their to-do lists. Here are the 8 principles of a to-do list:

1. Separate current and future tasks:
   Instead of writing all the to-do items on a single list, separate them based on their timeline. Create a daily to-do list focusing on tasks to be completed that day, and move others to a master list. This allows for more effective time management.
2. Define expected outcomes for tasks:
   Set clear goals and reasons for each to-do task to avoid procrastination caused by unclear purpose and value. This provides more motivation to complete them.
3. Break down big tasks into smaller steps:
   Large to-do items can feel overwhelming and lead to procrastination. Try breaking down complex and significant tasks into smaller, achievable sub-tasks. This makes them easier to execute and provides a sense of accomplishment.
4. Set deadlines for tasks:
   Even though deadlines can be flexible, it's important to establish approximate timeframes. Reflect on why you chose a particular deadline, as this enhances discipline and planning.
5. Limit current tasks to seven:
   Include tasks that require 15 minutes or more to complete on the to-do list, while shorter-term tasks can be organized in a separate batch list. This reduces stress and forces you to consider what truly matters.
6. Eliminate unnecessary tasks:
   Delete tasks that are too vague or impractical. Wishful tasks should be handled as projects rather than to-do items. Also, evaluate the importance of tasks and confidently remove unnecessary ones.
7. Estimate the required time for tasks:
   Assessing the time needed for each task helps you make better choices on your daily list and plan your actions effectively. If you only write down tasks without considering available time, many to-do items may end up as "uncompleted."
8. Note tasks that require additional resources:
   Sometimes, important tasks require support from other resources. It's recommended to directly write down the details of the required resources next to the corresponding tasks for easy reference.

These practical tips will help you create a more efficient to-do list, increase work productivity, and reduce stress.